Format a SharePoint Calculated Field with Prefix 0

You can use the TEXT function in SharePoint for the prefixing a calculated field with 0.

In my case, my source data was 123 and the wished result was 000123

Use the following formula to get the formatting text:
=TEXT(123;"00000#")

With an existing field-value, you can use the following formula:
=TEXT(ID;"00000#")